![]() ![]() To defend themselves against the spirits of those they had wronged, they would leave offerings known as kispu in the person's tomb in hope of appeasing them. The ancient Mesopotamians believed that magic was the only viable defense against demons, ghosts, and evil sorcerers. Defensive or legitimate magic in Mesopotamia ( asiputu or masmassutu in the Akkadian language) were incantations and ritual practices intended to alter specific realities. Magic was invoked in many kinds of rituals and medical formulae, and to counteract evil omens. See also: Mesopotamian divination, Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana, Maqlû, and Zisurrû Bronze protection plaque from the Neo-Assyrian era showing the demon Lamashtu
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